The Spotted Redshank (Tringa erythropus) is a
wader (shorebird) in the large bird family Scolopacidae. The genus name Tringa
is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based
on Ancient Greek trungas, a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading
bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific erythropus is from Ancient Greek
eruthros, "red", and pous, "foot".
It breeds across northern Scandinavia and northern Asia
and migrates south to the Mediterranean, the southern British Isles, France,
tropical Africa, and tropical Asia for the winter. It is an occasional vagrant
to Australia and North America.
It breeds across northern Scandinavia and northern Asia
and migrates south to the Mediterranean, the southern British Isles, France,
tropical Africa, and tropical Asia for the winter. It is an occasional vagrant
to Australia and North America.
Description
This is a large wader (shorebird), measuring 29–31 cm
(11–12 in) long with a wingspan of 61–67 cm (24–26 in) and a weight ranging
from 121 to 205 g (4.3 to 7.2 oz). It is black in breeding plumage, and very
pale in winter. It has a red legs and bill, and shows a white oval on the back
in flight. Juveniles are grey-brown finely speckled white above, and have pale,
finely barred underparts. Adults moult completely between July and October. In
spring, the body plumage is moulted between March and May. Juveniles have a
partial moult between August and February. The call is a creaking whistle
teu-it (somewhat similar to the call of a roseate tern), the alarm call a
kyip-kyip-kyip.
Habitat and range
The spotted redshank breeds in the Arctic across much of
Eurasia, from Lapland in the west to Chukotskaya in the east.
Food and feeding
Like most waders, it feeds on small invertebrates.
Breeding
It nests on open boggy taiga, laying four eggs in a
ground scrape. For breeding the bird moults to a black to dark grey with white
spots. During breeding plumage the legs also turn a dark grey.
This
species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the
thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (extent of occurrence
<20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat
extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation).
The population trend appears to be stable, and hence the species does not
approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion
(>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is
very large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the
population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing
decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a
specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least
Concern.
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